考生须知：
1、参考教材：《英语（二）自学教程》，外语教学与研究出版社，张敬源、张虹 主编，2012年版。
2、特殊标记含义：P10代表教材页码第10页；“【】”等标注的代表此处为重点关键词（得分点）。
第一部分：阅读判断。
（推荐做题步骤：首先要理解标题，据此推测文章的大意。其次，快速通读全文，尽可能理解文章大意，然后阅读题目，划出题目的关键词，再定位到原文去查找相关内容。）
下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin.A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.
The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters.It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.
A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F.. This acronym means best friends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, “Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?” If the answer to that is, “I don’t know”,more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.
I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.
Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not,your deposits gain interest, an interest in your well-being and welfare.A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend.In essence, water does seek its own level.
If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I’m sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend.You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.
A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party.They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.
Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you’d better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages.In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, “A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend.” Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.
1.The passage mainly about the trend of making friends on the Internet.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
2.To seek loyal Net-friends is the new trend on the Internet.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
3.Parents prefer to have a loyal friend.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
4.B.F.F. means best friends forever.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
5.Best friends don’t gossip about your private life with other people.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
6.Compared with a B.L.F., the author is more willing to choose a B.F.F..
A. True B. False C. Not Given
7.In the passage, loyalty in a friend is compared to making deposits in one’s account.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
8.As a B.L.F.,you cannot take advantage of friends.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
9.As a B.L.F.,you cannot invite others to your party.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
10.In the last paragraph, the author suggests that readers pay attention to smiles on friends’ faces.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
参考答案
1.[B] 题目：这篇文章主要是关于网上交友的趋势。由文章标题和下文内容可以判断这篇文章主要是关于“友谊和忠实”之间的思考。因此说法错误，答案选B。
2.[B] 题目：寻找忠实的网友是互联网上的新趋势。由第二段“The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend.”可知目前互联网上的趋势是与任何请求成为你朋友的人成为朋友。因此说法错误，答案选B。
3.[C] 题目：父母更愿意有一个忠诚的朋友。文中并未提及父母，答案选C。
4.[A] 题目：B.F.F.意味着永远的好朋友。由第三段“A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever.”可知B.F.F.的意思是永远的好朋友。因此说法正确，答案选A。
5.[A] 题目：好朋友不会和别人八卦你的私生活。由第三段“‘Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?’ If the answer to that is, ‘I don’t know’,more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.”可知好朋友是不会和别人八卦你的私生活的。因此说法正确，答案选A。
6.[B] 题目：与B.L.F（最忠实的朋友）相比，作者更愿意选择B.F.F（永远的好朋友）。由第四段“I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend,……”可知作者更愿意选择B.L.F.（最忠实的朋友）。因此说法错误，答案选B。
7.[A] 题目：在文章中，朋友的忠诚被比作在一个人的账户里存钱。由第五段“Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account.”可知，朋友的忠诚就像在银行里存了一笔钱。因此说法正确，答案选A。
8.[A] 题目：作为一个B.L.F.（最忠实的朋友）,你不能利用朋友。第六段“You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others.”中“exploit（利用）”和题干的“take advantage of（利用）”是一个意思。因此说法正确，答案选A。
9.[B] 题目：作为一个B.L.F.（最忠实的朋友），你不能邀请别人参加你的聚会。由倒数第二段“A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party.”可知最忠诚的朋友不会在乎你邀请谁参加聚会。因此说法错误，答案选B。
10.[B] 题目：在最后一段，作者建议读者注意朋友脸上的笑容。由最后一段“My caution to you is that you’d better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages.”可知，作者是要提醒读者注意一下Facebook页面上的“笑脸”。因此说法错误，答案选B。
译文
有多少人能从朋友身上看出真正的忠诚？忠诚的朋友，他会与你同甘共苦。一个永远对你诚实，从不以谎言背叛友谊的朋友是忠诚的朋友。如果你有一个忠诚的朋友，你确实在这个朋友身上发现了真正的美德。
目前互联网上的趋势是与任何请求成为你朋友的人成为朋友。然而，这种新趋势可能会导致灾难。拥有一个充满了众多共同朋友的网络可能是流行的和时髦的。然而，一个真正忠诚的朋友可能是你唯一需要的朋友。
流行的Facebook网站上使用的一个词是B.F.F.，这个首字母缩略词的意思是永远的好朋友。他们真的是你永远的好朋友吗？你可能会问自己这样一个问题：“他们会将我的私事发布在Facebook上与他人分享吗？甚至与他人一起八卦我的隐私吗？但愿永远不会。”如果答案是“我不知道”，那么他们很可能不会永远是你最好的朋友。也许一天都不会。
我选择有一个B.L.F.，解释给那些在这个科技和语速很快的时代可能会被使用缩写词所挑战的人听，就是“一个最忠实的朋友”。
朋友的忠诚就像在银行里存了一笔钱。通常情况下，你的存款会获得利息，这种利息与你的健康和幸福有关。一个忠实的朋友会吸引另一个忠实的朋友。本质上，水自然会向下流——朋友间总是惺惺相惜。
如果你早在Facebook声名狼藉之前就认可B.L.F.这种交友方式，那么我相信你会理解朋友忠诚的前提。你永远不应该利用你的最忠实的朋友来获得更多的朋友，或者让自己显得比别人更重要。这些都不是最忠实的朋友应有的品质。
最忠诚的朋友不会在乎你邀请谁参加聚会。他们会参加你的聚会，为你庆祝，就像一个最忠诚的朋友应该做的那样。
在Facebook上与最忠实的朋友重新联系是更容易的。然而，一个虚拟的朋友并不能保证他的忠诚。我要提醒你的是，你最好注意一下Facebook页面上的“笑脸”。在八十年代，有一首歌提醒我们要注意微笑的面孔，这首歌里有这样的歌词：“我的朋友，微笑只是一个倒过来的皱眉而已。”现在，这是我们这一代人无可争议的事实。
The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.
The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man’s reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads.The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.
A man’s dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master’s side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.
When all other friends desert, he remains.When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness faithful and true even to death.
1.The best friend a man has may be disloyal to him.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
2.A son or daughter who is brought up with loving care is forever grateful to their parents.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
3.The money a man has may fly away when he needs it.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
4.A dog’s nose is the most sensitive.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
5.In this selfish world, a dog can be a friend who can always be trusted.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
6.When severe winter sets in, the dog won’t stand by its owner.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
7.A pet owner must be nice to his pet, hoping that the pet keeps his company forever.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
8.When the owner becomes poor and his fame is ruined, the dog’s love remains constant just like sunrise and sunset.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
9.A dog will retreat when it encounters tough difficulties.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
10.Even if the master is dead, the dog is faithful to the end.
A. True B. False C. Not Given
参考答案
1.[A] 题目：一个人最好的朋友也可能对他不忠。由第一段第一句“The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy.”可知，一个人在这个世界上最好的朋友也可能与他反目，成为他的敌人。因此说法正确，答案选A。
2.[B] 题目：在父母的关爱下长大的儿女，永远对父母心存感激。由第一段第二句“His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful.”可知悉心抚养的儿子或女儿也可能会忘恩负义。因此说法错误，答案选B。
3.[A] 题目：一个人拥有的钱可能在他需要的时候飞走。由第二段“The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. ”可知一个人可能会失去拥有的钱。也许在他最需要它的时候，它却从他身边飞走了。因此说法正确，答案选A。
4.[C] 题目：狗的鼻子最灵敏。文中没有提及狗的鼻子是否灵敏，答案选C。
5.[A] 题目：在这个自私的世界上，狗可以成为一个永远可以信赖的朋友。由第二段“The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog. ”可知，在这个自私的世界上，狗可以成为永远不会忘恩负义或背信弃义的朋友。因此说法正确，答案选A。
6.[B] 题目：严冬来临时，狗不会守在主人身边。由第三段“He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master’s side.”可知即使是严冬来临，狗也会守在主人身边。因此说法错误，答案选B。
7.[C] 题目：宠物的主人必须善待他的宠物，希望宠物永远陪伴他。文中没有提及宠物主人应该怎样对待宠物，答案选C。
8.[A] 题目：当主人穷困潦倒，名声扫地的时候，狗狗的爱就像日出日落一样恒久不变。由最后一段“When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens.”当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，狗对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。因此说法正确，答案选A。
9.[B] 题目：狗遇到困难就会退缩。由第三段“He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master’s side.”和最后一段“If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies.”可知狗遇到困难不会退缩，会保护主人的安全，与他的敌人作战。因此说法错误，答案选B。
10.[A] 题目：即使主人死了，狗也忠心耿耿，至死不渝。由最后一段“And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness faithful and true even to death. ”可知，即使主人死去，狗狗也会忠心耿耿，至死不渝。因此说法正确，答案选A。
译文
一个人在这个世界上最好的朋友也可能与他反目，成为他的敌人。他悉心抚养的儿子或女儿可能会忘恩负义。那些与我们最亲近的人，那些我们以幸福和名誉信赖的人，可能会背叛他们的信仰。
一个人可能会失去拥有的钱。也许在他最需要它的时候，它却从他身边飞走了。一个人的名誉可能因一时的轻率行为而毁于一旦。当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。在这个自私的世界上，一个人唯一绝对无私的朋友，永远不会抛弃他的朋友，永远不会忘恩负义或背信弃义的朋友，就是他的狗。
不管主人是富裕还是贫穷，健康还是疾病，狗都站在主人身边。只要能在主人身边，即使寒风凛冽，大雪肆虐，它也愿意睡在冰冷的地面上。即使主人没有食物，他也会亲吻主人的手。他会舔舐在面对这个残酷世界时留下的疮疤和伤口。再贫穷的主人熟睡时，狗也像守候王子一样守候他。
当主人所有的朋友都离去时，他却仍坚守在主人的身旁。当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。如果命运把主人赶出去，使他在世界上被抛弃，没有朋友，无家可归，忠诚的狗所要求的特权不过是陪伴它，保护他免遭危险，与他的敌人作战。当最后的时刻到来，死亡将主人拥入怀中，尸体被埋在冰冷的地下时，不管所有的朋友是否各行其道，在他的墓地旁，你会发现这只高尚的狗，它的头夹在两爪之间，他的眼睛虽然悲伤，但却警觉地睁开，忠心耿耿，至死不渝。
第二部分：阅读选择。
（推荐做题步骤：第一步：读标题和首段，确定文章中心；第二步：读题目，分别划出定位词、关键词和考点词；第三步：根据定位词回归定位；第四步：判断。）
阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项。
You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.
In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the “decompression zone”. People need to slowdown and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.
Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.
Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk,are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time”： the length of time people spend in a store.
Traditional retailers measure “football”, as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth—not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose by 1%, sales rose by 1.3%.
Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.
- In Paragraph 2, “decompression zone” is the area means to _______.
A. prepare shoppers for the mood of buying
B. offer shoppers a place to have a rest
C. encourage shoppers to try new products
D. provide shoppers with discount information - Putting the fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers’ _______.
A. common sense
B. shopping habits
C. shopping psychology
D. concerns with time - Path Intelligence uses a technology to _______.
A. measure how long people stay at a store
B. count how many people enter a store
C. find out what people buy in a store
D. monitor what people say and do in a store - What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales _______.
A. were reversely linked to dwell time
B. were in direct proportion to dwell time
C. were affected more by football than by dwell time
D. were affected more by dwell time than by football - The best title for the passage is _______.
A. New Technology Boosts Stores’ Sales
B. How Shoppers Make Choices in Stores
C. The Science behind Stores’ Arrangements
D. Rational and Irrational Ways of Shopping
参考答案
1.[A] 词汇题。题目：第二段中的“休闲地带”指的是_______的区域。由第二段“In the supermarket,it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the ‘decompression zone’”可知，“休闲地带”的作用是为人们尽快进入购物状态做好准备。故答案为A。
2.[C] 细节题。题目：把水果蔬菜区域放到入口的地方是利用了消费者的_______。由“It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.”可知，商家把果蔬放在商店门口，是为了让人们在先挑到新鲜的果蔬后觉得很兴奋，即使后来买些不太健康的东西，负罪感也会少一点，利用了消费者的购物心理。故答案为C。
3.[A] 细节题。题目：“智能通道”利用了_______的技术。由“Path Intelligence…It found that when dwell time rose by l%，sales rose by 1.3%.”可知，Path Intelligence利用手机技术来跟踪用户的位置。他们发现，顾客在店内的逗留时间每增加l%，销售额就会增长1.3%。所以，这项技术是用来测量顾客在店内逗留时间长短的，故答案为A。
4.[B] 细节题。题目： Gunwharf Quays所发生的事情说明了_______。由“It found that when dwell time rose by l%，sales rose by 1.3%.”可知，顾客在商店逗留的时间与商店的销售额成正比。故答案为B。
5.[C] 主旨题。题目：本文的标题是_______。文章通篇都在讲述商家怎么利用消费者的心理来布置商店格局，以吸引消费者在商店逗留更多时间，进而增加销售额。故答案为C。
译文
你可能想知道为什么超市都一样。这并不是因为运营它们的公司缺乏想象力。这是因为他们都是为了说服人们买东西。
在超市里，人们需要一段时间才能进入购物模式。这就是为什么紧邻入口的区域被称为“减压区”的原因。人们需要放慢脚步，环顾四周，即使他们是常客。就销售而言，这一领域有点亏损，因此往往更多地用于促销。
购物者可能会立即进入新鲜水果和蔬菜区。对于购物者来说，这毫无意义。水果和蔬菜很容易损坏，所以应该在购物之旅结束时而不是开始时购买。但这里起作用的是什么？事实证明，选择好的新鲜食物是开始购物的一种方式，它可以让人们对以后吃不健康的东西感到不那么内疚。
购物者已经知道，日常用品，如牛奶，总是放在商店后面，以提供更多的机会吸引顾客。但是超市知道购物者知道这一点，所以他们会使用其他技巧，比如把受欢迎的商品放在货架的中间，这样人们就不得不沿着货架走去寻找它们。这个想法是为了增加“停留时间”：人们在商店里花费的时间长度。
传统零售商衡量“足球”，因为进入商店的人数是已知的，但这些数字并没有说明人们去哪里以及他们在那里花了多长时间。但如今，有一项技术可以填补这一空白：手机。Path Intelligence是一家英国公司，它在朴茨茅斯的一家大型零售中心Gunharf Quays跟踪人们的手机，不是通过监控通话，而是通过在手机自动传输到蜂窝网络时绘制手机位置。研究发现，当停留时间增加1%时，销售额增加1.3%。
由于对购物者如何做出选择的理解加深，这种技术越来越受欢迎。人们告诉市场研究人员，他们会考虑价格、选择或便利性等因素，对买什么做出理性决定。但潜意识的力量，包括情感和记忆，显然也在起作用。
People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expect to live to be about 73, but a baby girl, about79. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity(长寿) of woman, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then–the gap is growing.
A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences: The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers,involved in fewer accidents).
Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once believed that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.
One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illness. But when a man reports being sick, it is more likely to be serious.
Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men,death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.
Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans.
Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian(哺乳动物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages(流产). In humans, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.
- What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.
B. Researchers have found the causes of the age gap.
C. The age gap was noticed only recently.
D. The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap. - As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women’s longer lifespan are______.
A. disease and road accidents
B. industrialization and work strains
C. their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure
D. their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol - According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.
B. The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.
C. Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.
D. Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers. - Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?
A. Though more liable to illness, women still live longer.
B. Men’s health is more closely related to their emotions.
C. Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.
D. Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement. - The word “edge” in Paragraph 7 means______.
A. margin
B. side
C. quality
D. advantage
参考答案
1.[D] 推理题。题目：我们能从前两段中学到什么？由第一段的最后两句“It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then–the gap is growing.”，以及第二段中“The gap is greatest in industrialized societies，…”可知，越先进的社会，男女寿命的差距就越大。故答案为D。
2.[C] 细节题。题目：如第2段所述，与妇女寿命延长有关的两个因素是______。由第二段中的“less susceptible to work strains”和“less adventurous than men”可知与女性长寿有关的两个因素是她们对工作压力的承受能力和不愿意冒险。故答案为C。
3.[C] 细节题。题目：根据第三段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？由第三段“Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.”可知，吸烟似乎对女性的长寿没什么影响。故答案选C。
4.[A] 细节题。题目：以下哪一种现象令研究人员感到困惑？由第四段中“One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illness.”可知，令研究者百思不得其解的是即使女性得病率高，但她们仍然活得更长久。故答案选A。
5.[D] 词汇题。题目：第7段中的“edge”一词指______。margin“盈余，利润”；side“方面”；quality“质量”；advantage“优势”。通篇都在谈论女性比男性在寿命方面更有优势，由此优势类推到几乎所有的哺乳动物中，雌性都活得更长些。故答案选D。
译文
人们的寿命比以往任何时候都长，但由于某种原因，女性的寿命比男性长。2003年在美国出生的男婴的预期寿命约为73岁，而女婴的预期寿命约为79岁。这确实是一个很大的差距，但是人们不知其中的原因。几个世纪以来，女性更长寿是一个众所周知的事情。例如，17世纪就有男女寿命差距的记录了。然而，当时的差距较小，现在差距正在扩大。
人们提出了许多原因来解释这种差异：在工业化社会，这种差距最大，因此有人认为，女性不太容易受到可能增加心脏病和酗酒风险的工作压力的影响。社会学家还告诉我们，人们鼓励女性比男性更少冒险(这可能就是为什么她们开车更小心，发生的事故更少)。
甚至吸烟也与年龄差异有关。曾经有人提出，职业女性吸烟的可能性更大，随着越来越多的女性进入劳动力市场，年龄差距将开始缩小，因为吸烟与早死有关。然而，现在我们看到越来越多的女性吸烟，她们仍然倾向于活得更长，尽管她们的肺癌发病率正在急剧上升。
令人困惑的是，女性似乎不如男性健康。也就是说，她们报告的疾病要多得多。但是，男人一旦生病，病情可能更严重。
一些研究人员认为，男性可能会死得早，是因为他们的健康与他们的情绪联系更紧密。例如，与女性相比，男性在失去配偶后，会在更短的时间内去世。男性更容易受失业的打击。(这两种情况都与免疫系统效力的显著下降有关。)对男人来说，退休后死亡的速度快得惊人。
也许我们寻找的答案过于接近问题的表面。也许答案深藏在我们的生物遗传中。毕竟，这种现象并非人类独有。
在几乎所有的哺乳动物物种中的雌性都具有这个优势，它们通常活得更长。此外，在许多这类动物中，差异从受孕的那一刻就开始了，有更多的雌性动物流产。人类在出生后，死亡的男婴多于女婴。
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子。
（Task 1推荐做题步骤：先理解每段开头的意思，选择与意思较为接近的选项，如果首句无法判断，则根据段中的关键词与选项中的关键词的意思进行匹配。Task 2推荐做题步骤：根据题目给出的信息定位到原文的句子，根据原文句子的意思进行选项匹配。）
阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从1~5题后所给的6个选项中为每段选择1个正确的段落大意；(2)从6~10题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
①Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.
②The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century.
③Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use.
④The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children too many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers.
⑤By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects.
Task 1
- Paragraph ①：________
- Paragraph ②：________
- Paragraph ③：________
- Paragraph ④：________
- Paragraph ⑤：________
A. Building Materials
B. Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern Life
C. Restoration of Ancient Civilizations
D. Evolution in Style
E. Factors Affecting Modern Architecture
F. A Social Art
Task 2
6. The best buildings tend to be very well built and ________.
7. Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful,_________.
8. Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential ________.
9. As modern life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings________.
10. The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air conditioner have played an important role ________.
A. to meet their needs
B. but also beautiful to look at
C. in the development of modern architecture
D. to design more buildings
E. even in the 20th century
F. to last longer than the original
参考答案
Task 1
1.[F] 本段结尾提到“Architecture is a social art.（建筑是一种社会艺术。）”，因此选择F选项最合适。“A Social Art”意思是“一种社会艺术”。
2.[C] 本段提到“In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted.（在建筑方面，古希腊和古罗马的原则和风格被重新赋予了生命并得到了重新诠释。）”，因此选择C选项最合适。“Restoration of Ancient Civilizations”意思是“古代文明的恢复”。
3.[A] 本段开头提到“Many kinds of stone are used as building materials.（许多种类的石头被用作建筑材料。）”，因此选择A选项最合适。“Building Materials”意思是“建筑材料”。
4.[B] 本段开头提到“The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of buildings.（现代生活的复杂性需要各种各样的建筑。）”，因此选择B选项最合适。“Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern Life”意思是“现代生活对建筑多样性的需求”。
5.[E] 本段提到“modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs（受新技术和大规模生产的影响，现代建筑正在应对日益复杂的社会需求）”。因此选择E选项最合适，“Factors Affecting Modern Architecture”意思是“影响现代建筑的因素”。
Task 2
6.[F] 根据关键词“best buildings”定位到第一段，“The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use.”，因此选择F选项。“The best buildings tend to be very well built and to last longer than the original.”意思是“最好的建筑往往建造得非常好，而且比原来的使用寿命更长。”。
7.[B] 根据关键词“well constructed”定位到第一段，第二句仅仅提到了使用寿命，而题目中提到“not only”，则往下寻找第三句，提到了“They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures.（它们不仅作为美丽的物品保存下来，而且作为文化历史的记录。）”，因此选择B选项。“Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful but also beautiful to look at. ”意思是“有些建筑建造得很好，它们不仅有用，而且看起来很漂亮。”。本题也可以根据not only…but also的句型进行推断。
8.[E] 根据关键词“Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles”定位到第二段，“They remain dominant until the 20th century.”，因此选择E选项。“Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential even in the 20th century.”意思是“在文艺复兴时期恢复的古希腊和古罗马建筑风格，在20世纪仍然具有影响力。”。
9.[A] 根据关键词“modern life becomes more complex”定位到第四段，这一段主要讲了现代生活的复杂性导致人们需要各种各样的建筑，因此选择A选项。“As modern life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings to meet their needs.”意思是“随着现代生活变得越来越复杂，人们不得不建造许多不同类型的建筑来满足他们的需求。”。
10.[C] 根据关键词“new technology as the elevator and the air conditioner”定位到最后一段，这一段讲的是20世纪中期，受新技术和大规模生产的影响，现代建筑正在应对日益复杂的社会需求，因此选择C选项。“The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air conditioner have played an important role in the development of modern architecture.”意思是“新建筑材料的使用和电梯、空调等新技术的引入在现代建筑的发展中发挥了重要作用。”。
译文
①建筑之于房屋，犹如文学之于印刷文字。最好的建筑往往建造得非常好，以至于它们比原来的使用寿命更长。它们不仅作为美丽的物品保存下来，而且作为文化历史的记录。这些成就从来不完全是个人的成就。建筑是一种社会艺术。
②文艺复兴带来了一个全新的时代，不仅在哲学和文学上，而且在视觉艺术上。在建筑方面，古希腊和古罗马的原则和风格被重新赋予了生命并得到了重新诠释。直到20世纪，他们仍然占据主导地位。
③许多种类的石头被用作建筑材料。石头和大理石之所以被选为重要的纪念碑，是因为它们不可燃，而且可以预期经久耐用。石头建筑常与石雕混合在一起。然而，由于许多其他材料更适合工业用途，石头的使用已经减少了。
④现代生活的复杂性需要各种各样的建筑。越来越多的人住在集体住房，在大型写字楼上班；他们把收入花在大型购物中心，送孩子去太多不同类型的学校，当他们生病时，他们去专门的医院和诊所。所有这些不同类型的建筑都积累了设计师所需要的经验。
⑤到20世纪中期，受新技术和大规模生产的影响，现代建筑正在应对日益复杂的社会需求。现代建筑作品的重要特征是大量的玻璃和钢筋混凝土的使用。电梯技术、空调和电灯的进步都产生了重要影响。
①Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
②First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.
③Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
④Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with the language.
⑤What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.
Task 1
- Paragraph ①：________
- Paragraph ②：________
- Paragraph ③：________
- Paragraph ④：________
- Paragraph ⑤：________
A. Some People Learn Languages More Easily
B. Learning a language Purposefully
C. Learning a Language Actively
D. Learning a Language Independently
E. Learning from Mistakes
F. Reflecting on Your Language Learning Strategies
Task 2
6. Independent Language learners rely on themselves ________.
7. Successful language learners derive conclusions ________.
8. Active language learners seize every opportunity ________.
9. Purposeful learners ________, so they want to learn the language.
10. The author wrote this text ________.
A. to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules
B. take an interest in the language itself and the people who speak it
C. to use the target language
D. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefully
E. from clues
F. to say strange things
参考答案
Task 1
1.[A] 本段提到有些人掌握了某些技巧，他们学习语言更容易，因此选择A选项最合适，“Some People Learn Languages More Easily”意思是“有些人学习语言更容易”。
2.[D] 本段开头提到“First of all, successful language learners are independent learners.（首先，成功的语言学习者是独立的学习者。）”，后文也是关于独立的学习者的学习技巧，因此选择D选项最合适，“Learning a Language Independently”意思是“独立学习一门语言”。
3.[C] 本段开头提到“Successful language learning is active learning.（成功的语言学习是主动学习。）”，并且后文的描写都是关于主动学习的，因此选择C选项最合适，“Learning a Language Actively”意思是“主动学习一门语言”。
4.[B] 本段开头提到“Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose.（最后，成功的语言学习者是有目标的学习者。）”，后文也是对有目标的学习者的展开论述，因此选择B选项最合适，“Learning a language Purposefully”意思是“有目的的学习一门语言”。
5.[F] 本段提到成功的学习者是独立、积极和有目的地学习，并请读者据此进行反思和学习，因此选择F选项最合适，“Reflecting on Your Language Learning Strategies”意思是“反思你的语言学习策略”。
Task 2
6.[A] 根据关键词“Independent”“rely on”定位到第二段“…【independent】 learners. They do not 【depend on】 the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.”，可知选择A选项。“Independent Language learners rely on themselves to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules.”意思是“独立语言学习者依靠自己发现句型和语法规则。”。
7.[E] 根据关键词“derive conclusions”定位到第二段“They are good guessers who look for clues and 【form their own conclusions】.”，因此选择E选项。“Successful language learners derive conclusions from clues.”意思是“成功的语言学习者从线索中得出结论。”。
8.[C] 根据关键词“Active”“seize every opportunity”定位到第三段的“…【active】 learning.Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they 【look for such a chance】. …They will try anything to communicate. ”，因此选择C选项。“Active language learners seize every opportunity to use the target language.”意思是“积极的语言学习者抓住一切机会使用学习的语言。”。
9.[B] 根据关键词“Purposeful”“want to learn the language”定位到第四段“…【purpose】. They 【want to learn the language】 because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. ”，因此选择B选项。“Purposeful learners take an interest in the language itself and the people who speak it，so they want to learn the language.”意思是“有目的的学习者对语言本身和说这种语言的人感兴趣，所以他们想学习这种语言。”。
10.[D] 从第一段和最后一段可以看出，作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励不太成功的语言学习者成为一个独立、积极、有目的的学习者。因此选择D选项，“The author wrote this text to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefully.”意思是“作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励不成功的语言学习者独立、积极、有目的地学习。”。
译文
①有些人似乎有学习语言的诀窍。他们可以比其他人更快地学习新词汇，掌握规则或语法，并用新语言学习写作。他们似乎并不比其他人更聪明，那么是什么让语言学习对他们来说如此容易呢？也许如果我们仔细观察这些成功的语言学习者，我们可能会发现一些使他们更容易学习语言的技巧。
②首先，成功的语言学习者是独立的学习者。他们不依赖书本或老师；他们发现了自己学习语言的方法。他们不是等着老师来解释，而是自己去寻找模式和规则。他们是很好的推测者，他们会寻找线索并形成自己的结论。当他们猜错了，他们再猜一次。他们试图从错误中吸取教训。
③成功的语言学习是主动学习。因此，成功的学习者不会坐等使用语言的机会；他们寻找这样的机会。他们找到说这种语言的人，当他们说错时请这些人纠正他们。他们会想尽一切办法来交流。他们不害怕重复他们所听到的或说奇怪的事情；他们愿意犯错误并再试一次。当沟通困难时，他们可以接受不准确或不完整的信息。对他们来说，学会用这种语言思考比知道每个单词的意思更重要。
④最后，成功的语言学习者是有目标的学习者。他们想学习这种语言是因为他们对这种语言和说这种语言的人感兴趣。为了与这些人交流并向他们学习，他们有必要学习语言。他们发现经常练习使用这门语言很容易，因为他们想用它来学习。
⑤你是哪种语言学习者？如果你是一个成功的语言学习者，你可能一直在独立、积极、有目的地学习。另一方面，如果你的语言学习不太成功，你不妨试试上面列出的一些技巧。
第四部分：填句补文。
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
___1___ Every dream was supposed to have a meaning, and it was the business of priests and astrologers to interpret people’s dreams for them. They are often seen as predictions of the future, warnings of impending danger or sadness, or prophecies of impending good fortune. Dreams were believed to be supernatural communications from the gods, or the spirits of the dead, and so were divine revelations. ___2___ Some laugh at them as mere illusions, and not worthy of serious consideration; but others find them interesting for psychological study.
___3___ Part of our brain is awake and working. During sleep, we are not aware of our surroundings. We see nothing, we hear nothing, and know nothing of what is going on around us. Yet the fact that we dream proves that we are not completely unconscious. It is often interesting to try to discover the cause of dreams. ___4___ One man dreamed that he was walking near the crater, and his feet were burned by the hot rocks; but when he woke up, he found his feet pressed against the hot water bottle.
Most dreams are really confused and disjointed memories of past events in our lives. We can often trace a dream back, and find it was suggested by something we saw, heard or read about only a day or two before. For example, a lawyer, who had been thinking over a case late at night, dreamed when he went to bed of nothing but lizards. When he came to his study in the morning, he found that, while he was thinking out his case, he had been staring unconsciously at his clock, the case of which was decorated with the bronze image of a lizard. ___5___
A. The causes of some dreams are purely physical.
B. One man may feel tired after having a dream.
C. Educated people no longer look on dreams in this way.
D. For one thing, dreams prove that in the sleep we are not completely unconscious.
E. In superstitious ages and countries, dreams were regarded very seriously.
F. Dreams refer to the past, not the future.
参考答案
1.[E] 根据空格后“Every dream was supposed to have a meaning, and it was the business of priests and astrologers to interpret people’s dreams for them.（每个梦都被认为是有意义的，为人们解梦是牧师和占星家的工作。）”，可知E选项最符合逻辑，意思是“In superstitious ages and countries, dreams were regarded very seriously.（在迷信的年代和国家，梦是非常被重视的。）”。
2.[C] 根据空格前后文的理解，前文说的是“Dreams were believed to be supernatural communications from the gods.（梦被认为是来自神灵或死者灵魂的超自然交流）”，后文说的是“Some laugh at them as mere illusions… but others find them interesting …（有人嘲笑它们只是幻想…但也有人觉得它们很有趣…） ”，可知C选项最符合逻辑，意思是“Educated people no longer look on dreams in this way.（受过教育的人不再以这种方式看待梦。）”。
3.[D] 根据空格后文主要的内容是：虽然我们在睡觉的时候意识不到周围的环境，但是我们的一部分大脑在清醒的工作。因此选择D选项最符合逻辑，意思是“For one thing, dreams prove that in the sleep we are not completely unconscious.（一方面，梦证明我们在睡眠中并不是完全无意识的。）”。
4.[A] 根据空格后的例子：“One man dreamed that he was walking near the crater, and his feet were burned by the hot rocks; but when he woke up, he found his feet pressed against the hot water bottle.（一个人梦见他走在火山口附近，他的脚被滚烫的岩石烫伤了；但当他醒来时，他发现自己的脚压在了热水壶上。）”，可知选择A选项最符合逻辑，意思是“The causes of some dreams are purely physical.（有些梦纯粹是生理的原因。）”。
5.[F] 根据空格前面的句子判断，最后一段讲的是大多数梦都是我们生活中过去事件的混乱和不连贯的记忆，并且文中也举了一个例子来说明梦境可能是之前看到的东西所暗示的，可知选择F选项最符合逻辑，意思是“Dreams refer to the past, not the future.（梦指的是过去，而不是未来。）”。
译文
在迷信的年代和国家，梦是非常被重视的。每个梦都被认为是有意义的，为人们解梦是牧师和占星家的工作。它们通常被视为对未来的预测，对即将到来的危险或悲伤的警告，或对即将到来的好运的预言。梦被认为是来自神灵或死者灵魂的超自然交流，因此是神圣的启示。受过教育的人不再以这种方式看待梦。有人嘲笑它们只是幻想，不值得认真考虑；但也有人觉得它们很有趣，可以作为心理学研究。
一方面，梦证明我们在睡眠中并不是完全无意识的。我们大脑的一部分是清醒的并在工作。在睡眠中，我们意识不到周围的环境。我们什么也看不见，什么也听不到，对我们周围发生的事一无所知。然而，我们做梦的事实证明我们并不是完全无意识的。试图发现梦的原因通常是很有趣的。有些梦纯粹是生理的原因。一个人梦见他走在火山口附近，他的脚被滚烫的岩石烫伤了；但当他醒来时，他发现自己的脚压在了热水壶上。
大多数梦都是我们生活中过去事件的混乱和不连贯的记忆。我们经常可以追溯一个梦，发现它是由我们一两天前看到的、听到的或读到的东西所暗示的。例如，一位律师深夜一直在思考一个案件，上床睡觉时除了蜥蜴什么也没梦到。早晨，当他回到书房时，他发现自己在考虑这件事的时候，一直在不自觉地盯着他的钟，钟的表壳上装饰着一只蜥蜴的铜像。梦指的是过去，而不是未来。
___1___ Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.
Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it — whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
“Try”
___2___ If someone says,“I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say“I’ll try to be more confident” or “I’ll try to do that”or “I’ll try to call”?
___3___ Firstly say, “I’ll try to …” and notice how you feel. Next say, “I will do …”and see how you feel.
The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.
“Can’t”
This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.
Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose ….” or “I choose not to …”. ___4___
Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.
What words do you use a lot that disempowers you? ___5___ Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!
A. It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us.
B. Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.
C. Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways.
D. The language we use programs our brains.
E. Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use.
F. Some people don’t think that how they use language makes a difference in their lives.
参考答案
1.[D] 此空格位于篇首，根据空格后文的内容“Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies.（掌握语言使我们在很大程度上掌握了自己的生活和命运。）”可知D选项最符合，意思是“The language we use programs our brains.（我们使用的语言决定了我们的大脑。）”。
2.[A] 根据上文“Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind…（即使是最小的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生最深的影响…）”以及后文“This is another small word with a big impact.（这是另一个影响很大的小单词。）”可知A选项最符合逻辑，意思是“It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us.（这是一个很小的词，但它对我们有惊人的影响。）”。
3.[C] 空格后文描述了两种说法： “I’ll try to …”和“I will do …”，可知选择C选项最符合逻辑，选项意思是“Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways.（想想你想要实现的目标，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。）”
4.[B] 根据空格前一句“Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose ….” or “I choose not to …”.（与其说你不能，不如说“我选择…”或者“我选择不…”。）”以及上文表达的意思，可知选择B选项最符合逻辑，选项中的“this”指的是“ ‘I choose ….’ or ‘I choose not to …’”的表达方式，整句的意思是“Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.（使用这样的词语可以让你收回你的权力，并控制你的生活。）”。
5.[E] 空格前一句问“What words do you use a lot that disempowers you? （你经常用什么词来贬低自己？）”，空格后一句表达替换词的好处，抓住关键词“alternatives words”，可知选择E选项最符合逻辑，意思是“Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use.（列出你常用的单词，然后在它们旁边写下一些你可以使用的替代词。）”。
译文
我们使用的语言决定了我们的大脑。掌握语言使我们在很大程度上掌握了自己的生活和命运。为了极大地提高我们的生活质量，以最好的方式使用语言是很重要的。
即使是最小的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生最深的影响，我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，它并不真正理解真实发生的事情和你想象之间的区别。它渴望取悦并愿意执行你给它的任何命令——而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。
“试一试”
这是一个很小的词，但它对我们有惊人的影响。如果有人说，“我会试着去做”，你知道他们不会全心全意去做，甚至可能根本不会去做。在谈论对你来说重要的事情时，你有多频繁地使用“尝试”这个词？你会说“我会试着更自信”或者“我会试着那样做”或者“我会试着打电话”吗？
想想你想要实现的目标，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说，“我会试着……”然后注意你的感受。接下来说：“我愿意……”，看看你的感觉如何。
后者会让你感觉比前者好，不是吗？它给你一种决心，一种一定会成功的感觉。倾听你周围的人，当他们说他们会尝试的时候，注意他们是否做到了。从你的字典中删除“尝试”这个词，看看你的生活是如何改善的。
“不能”
这是另一个影响很大的小单词。它剥夺了我们的权力，让我们感到软弱和无助，损害了我们的自尊。它限制了我们无限的能力，扼杀了创造力。把它从你内心的字典里抹去，代之以让你感觉很棒的东西。
与其说你不能，不如说“我选择….”或者“我选择不……”。使用这样的词语可以让你收回你的权力，并控制你的生活。
言语可能看起来微不足道，但却能对我们产生深远而持久的影响。掌握你的语言给了你过你想要的生活的力量。
你经常用什么词来贬低自己？列出你常用的单词，然后在它们旁边写下一些你可以使用的替代词。让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对你正在做的事情感觉无限美好吧！
第五部分：填词补文。
（可以联系上下文以及句子的结构判断该空的词性，并且考虑是否为固定词组。）
下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
My little niece, a ten-month-old baby, is the most ___1___ child I have ever seen. Her brother usually ___2___ her in his spare time. Her face is like a red apple and her eyes are like ___3___ stars. When you carry her in your arms, she likes to put her arms ___4___ your neck. All the ___5___ in the family love her very much and often try to make her smile. But quite often it is she who makes us laugh. Her father likes to ___6___ photos when she smiles. Once I winked at her and she smiled. When I did it again, she watched me ___7___. Then she tried to ___8___. While I closed one eye to wink, she had to close both eyes at the same time, and then quickly opened them again. And that was her way to wink. We all ___9___ into laughter. When we looked at her again, she was ___10___ at us, puzzled, as if she were asking,“What are you laughing at?” We all love this gorgeous, cute little baby.
参考答案
1.[I] lovely 该空需要填形容词，结合上下文来看，作者认为这个小宝宝是最可爱的，答案选择“lovely”，意思是“可爱的”。
2.[E] babysits 该空的句子提及“她的哥哥经常在闲暇时候______她”，答案选择“babysit”，意思是“临时代为照看婴儿”。
3.[J] bright 该空需要填形容词，形容小宝宝的眼睛像星星一样，答案选择“bright”，意思是“明亮的”。
4.[B] around “put one’s arm around”意思是“用手搂着…”，答案选择“around”。
5.[L] grown-ups 该空需要填名词，该空附近句子提及“家里所有的______都很爱她，经常试着逗她笑。但通常是她让我们发笑。”，答案选择“grown-ups”，意思是“成年人，大人”。
6.[G] take “take photos”意思是“拍照”。
7.[C] attentively “attentively”意思是“聚精会神地”，“When I did it again, she watched me attentively.”意思是“当我再做一次时，她聚精会神地看着我”。
8.[K] imitate “Once I winked at her and she smiled. When I did it again, she watched me attentively.Then she tried to ______.（有一次我向她眨眼，她笑了。当我再做一次时，她聚精会神地看着我。然后她试着______。）”，根据语义判断选择“imitate”，意思是“模仿”。
9.[H] burst “We all ______ into laughter.（我们全都______笑了。）”，“burst into”意思为“情绪的突然发作”，结合上文可知是小宝宝模仿眨眼的行为突然把我们逗笑了。因此答案选择“burst”。
10.[F] staring “When we looked at her again, she was ______ at us, puzzled, as if she were asking,“What are you laughing at?”（我们再看她时，她正疑惑地______我们，好像在问：“你们在笑什么？”）”，“staring at sb”意思是“盯着某人”，答案选择“staring”。
译文
我的小侄女，一个十个月大的婴儿，是我所见过的最可爱的孩子。她哥哥经常在业余时间照看她。她的脸像红苹果，她的眼睛像明亮的星星。当你把她抱在怀里时，她喜欢搂着你的脖子。家里所有的大人都很爱她，经常试着逗她笑。但通常是她让我们发笑。她爸爸喜欢在她笑的时候拍照。有一次我向她眨眼，她笑了。当我再做一次时，她聚精会神地看着我。然后她试着模仿。当我闭上一只眼睛眨眼时，她必须同时闭上两只眼睛，然后又迅速睁开。这就是她眨眼的方式。我们都哄堂大笑。当我们再看她时，她正疑惑地盯着我们，好像在问：“你们在笑什么？”我们都喜欢这个漂亮可爱的小宝宝。
Your inner voice is there to help guide you along the path called life. How many times has your inner voice told you to do something and then you, in ___1___ , choose to ignore its ___2___ , only to find out it was a big mistake? I’ll bet, at that ___3___ , you say to ___4___ , “I should have ___5___ to myself.” Sometimes the promptings of our inner voice are ___6___ , reminding us to pay a bill or call a friend. Other times our inner voice can be more ___7___ , reminding us over and over of some unfinished business for perhaps ___8___ , weeks or even years. If your inner voice lasts more than a week, i.e., you find the ___9___ thoughts and feelings coming ___10___ to you over and over again, then you know that this is your inner voice looking for expression. Trust the information you are receiving, and use it to guide you into action.
参考答案
1.[A] turn “in turn”意思是“相反的”。
2.[I] promptings 上文“How many times has your inner voice told you to do something（有多少次，你内心的声音告诉你去做某件事）”，空格所在句子“choose to ignore its ______（选择去忽略它的______）”，空格填名词，答案选择“promptings”，意思是“提示”，指的就是内心的声音是给自己的提示。
3.[E] moment “at that moment”，意思是“在那一刻”。
4.[G] yourself 该空需填名词，根据文中“you say to ______ , ‘I should have ______ to myself.’”可以判断文中的话是对自己说的，答案选择“yourself”,意思是“你自己”。
5.[H] listened “listen to myself”，意思是“听自己的话”。
6.[B] subtle/7.[K] insistent 根据“sometimes”和“other times”可以判断第6空和第7空是有关联和有对比的，空格都填形容词，根据两个空的后文进行判断，第7空后面强调“over and over（一次又一次）”和持续的时间，所以第7空应选择“insistent”，意思是“再三的，反复的”。第6个空没有动作和时间的强调，选择“subtle（微妙的，不易察觉的）”，更符合例子的意思“reminding us to pay a bill or call a friend（提醒着我们要去付账单或给朋友打电话）”。
8.[D] days 根据空格后面“weeks or even years”可知选择“days”最为恰当。
9.[L] same 根据空格后文“over and over again（一次又一次）”可知空格的意思应该是同一个想法和感受，因此选择“same”，意思是“同一的”。
10.[F] back “come back to sb”意思是“归回到某人”，结合文章的意思，表达的是“同一个想法和感受一遍又一遍地在你耳边回响”的意思，则答案选择“back”。
译文
你内心的声音会在人生的道路上指引你。有多少次，你内心的声音告诉你去做某件事，而你却选择忽视它的提示，最后发现这是一个巨大的错误？我敢打赌，在那一刻，你会对自己说，“我应该听自己的。”有时我们内心声音的提示不易察觉，提醒着我们要去付账单或给朋友打电话。其他时候，我们内心的声音可能更加反复，一遍又一遍地提醒我们一些未完成的事情，可能几天，几周，甚至几年。如果你内心的声音持续了一个多星期，也就是说，你发现同样的想法和感受一遍又一遍地在你耳边回响，那么你就知道这是你内心的声音在寻求表达。相信你收到的信息，用它来指导你采取行动。
第六部分：完形补文。
（根据句子的意思或句子结构判断该空的词性，然后根据句意、时态、固定搭配等选择单词的正确形式。）
下面的短文有10处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌。
Before you make up your mind about which way to go, take a hard, honest look at your motivation for ___1___（start） a company. Too many people are looking to get rich, escape the corporate grind, and work ___2___（short） hours with more free time. None of those reasons is ___3___（like） to lead to success. If you are ___4___（focus） on ___5___（solve）a customer problem or need, believe you can do what you do better than anyone else, dying to work long hours, wear many hats, and juggle endless ___6___（responsible）, then you have the right startup mindset. You also need certain ___7___ （person） traits. One of them is a ___8___（willing） to work very hard all by ___9___（you）, at least for the first year or so (and ___10___（possible） longer).
参考答案
1.[starting] 该空需填入动词，for是介词，所以后面的动词应变成ing形式。
2.[shorter] 该空需填入形容词，根据后面“more free time”判断应该填short的比较级shorter。
3.[likely] be likely to do something的用法，意思是“很可能”。
4.[focused] be focused on something意思是“集中精力于……”。
5.[solving] 该空需填入动词，on是介词，所以后面的动词应变成ing形式。
6.[responsibilities] 该空需填入名词，根据上下文判断这里的意思是承担无尽的责任，endless后面接可数名词复数，因此填入responsibilities。
7.[personality] 该空需填入名词，该句的意思为“你还需要一定的性格特征”，因此填入personality。
8.[willingness] 该空需填入名词，willing的名词形式是willingness。
9.[yourself] “all by yourself”意思为“全靠你自己”。
10.[possibly] 该空需填入副词，“and possibly longer”意思为“可能更长时间”。
译文
在你下定决心要走哪条路之前，认真、诚实地审视一下自己创业的动机。太多的人想要变得富有，逃离公司的苦差事，工作时间更短却有更多的空闲时间。这些原因都不可能带来成功。如果你专注于解决客户的问题或需求，相信自己能做得比任何人都好，愿意长时间工作，身兼数职，承担无尽的责任，那么你就拥有了正确的创业心态。你还需要一定的性格特征。其中之一是愿意独自努力工作，至少在第一年(可能更长时间)。
Children need to learn how to budget their money. Some parents go by the “learning by doing” principle and give their children lump sums at the ___1___（begin） of the month, and by the ___2___（three） week of the month their account is already dry.
On the other hand, some learn to budget their pocket money very well and even have savings at the end of the month. They do not borrow money ___3___（necessary）. In other words, they learn to spend within their means. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs and wants. Buy the necessary first, and indulge ___4___（our） only if there is money left. This habit, when inculcated since young, ___5___（stand） them in good stead when they start working and earning their own money. It enables them to resist the ___6___（tempt） of “buy now and pay later” schemes.
Formation of any habit starts at a tender age. There is no ___7___（good） way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket money. They need to learn the ___8___（important） of ___9___（budget） right from kindergarten days. It is a good idea to start with daily pocket money and move on to ___10___（month） pocket money. When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives.
参考答案
1.[beginning] “at the beginning of”意思为“在……的开始”。
2.[third] 上半句说到有些父母在月初一次性给孩子零花钱，则下半句应该填“the third week of the month their account is already dry（到这个月的第三周，他们的账户就已经空了）”符合语义。
3.[unnecessarily] necessary作为形容词应该在“money”前，可知这个空格应该填副词，修饰整个句子。根据上文的意思：有些人学会很好地预算他们的零花钱，甚至在月底有储蓄。可知空格所在句子的意思应该是“他们非必要不借钱”，因此填入“unnecessarily”，意思是“非必要地”。
4.[ourselves] 根据语义判断这里的意思是“只在有钱的时候再放纵自己”，所以这里应该填入“ourselves”，意思是“我们自己”。
5.[stands] 该空的主语“This habit”是第三人称单数，则谓语动词用单数形式，“stand”在词尾加s。
6.[temptation] 该空需填入名词，“the temptation of”意思是“……的诱惑”。
7.[better] 空格后面的句子中有“than”，整个句子的意思是“没有方法比从他们的零花钱开始教孩子理财______。”可知这里应该填比较级“better”，意思是“更好的”。
8.[importance] 该空填入名词，“learn the importance of”意思是“学习……的重要性”。
9.[budgeting] of是介词，后面接动词-ing形式，因此填入“budgeting”，意思是“制定预算”。
10.[monthly] 与前面的“daily pocket money（每天的零花钱）”对应，则需要填入形容词“monthly”，意思是“每月的”。
译文
孩子们需要学习如何预算他们的钱。有些父母奉行“边做边学”的原则，在月初一次性给孩子零花钱，到这个月的第三周，他们的账户就已经空了。
另一方面，有些人学会很好地预算他们的零花钱，甚至在月底有储蓄。他们非必要不借钱。换句话说，他们学会量入为出。做到这一点的关键是区分需求和愿望。先买必要的，只在有钱的时候再放纵自己。这个习惯，从小就被灌输，当他们开始工作和自己赚钱时，对他们很有帮助。这使他们能够抵制“先买后付”计划的诱惑。
任何习惯的形成都是从幼时开始的。教孩子理财最好的方法就是从他们的零花钱开始。他们需要从幼儿园开始就了解预算的重要性。从每天的零花钱开始，再到每月的零花钱，这是个好主意。当孩子们学会量入为出时，他们就能在以后的生活中很好地管理自己的财务。
VII.作文
1.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
某英文报社正在举办题为“Media and Shopping”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括：
①当今，各种媒体非常发达，人们通过媒体购物相当普遍。
②媒体购物给人们带来很多方便，同时也暴露出其弊端。
③你的看法。
参考范文
2.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
某英文报社正在举办题为“Someone important to me”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括：
①对你来说重要的人是谁。
②为什么他对你来说很重要。
③你想为他做些什么。
参考范文
3.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
某英文报社正在举办题为“Save our earth”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括：
①保护环境有哪些措施。
②为什么要保护环境。
参考范文
4.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
某英文报社正在举办题为“My favorite animal”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括：
①你最喜欢的动物是什么。
②你为什么喜欢这种动物。
参考范文
5.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
某英文报社正在举办题为“The importance of integrity”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括：
①什么是诚信
②举出一些有关诚信的例子
③诚信的重要性
参考范文
6.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
某英文报社正在举办题为“Save food”的征文活动。请就此题目写一篇英文短文应征，内容包括：
①指出浪费粮食的现象
②节约粮食的措施
参考范文
7.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
你的朋友John在去北京生活前指导了你的口语，你在举办的英语演讲比赛获得全市第一名，现在请你写封电子邮件对John表示感谢。
①感谢John辅导你的口语。
②John和他的妻子将来参观你的学校，对此表示期待。
请以Li Ke署名
参考范文
Dear Mr.John,
How are things going with you in Beijing?
I am writing to show my thanks to you. You tutored me in my spoken English before you went to Beijing. With your help, I made such rapid progress that I won the first place in the city’s English speaking contest. My achievement is owed to your help.Thank you very much.
I have heard that you and your wife will pay a visit to my school. I am very glad at the news. In that case we can see each other again.I am looking forward to your coming.I am sending you a telescope as a small gift. I hope you will like it.
Best Regards,
Li Ke
8.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
假如你的美国朋友George发来一封电子邮件，想了解你最喜欢的书籍。以下是你给他回复邮件的主要内容：
①你最喜欢的书籍
②喜欢该书籍的原因
请以Li Ke署名
参考范文
Dear George,
My favorite book is To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The novel explores themes such as racial injustice and the impact of stereotypes on society, which are still relevant today.
I was first introduced to this book in high school and was immediately drawn in by the characters and their interactions. The story tells the tale of a white lawyer who defends a black man accused of raping a white woman in a small Alabama town during the 1930s.
What I love most about this book is its timeless message and how it prompts us to question our own prejudices and assumptions. The characters are beautifully flawed and their stories are easy to connect with, even if they’re from a different era and culture.
I highly recommend To Kill a Mockingbird to anyone looking for a thought-provoking read that will leave a lasting impact.
Best regards,
Li Ke
9.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
假如你的美国朋友Jack发来一封电子邮件，想了解中国茶文化常识。现在请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
①介绍中国茶文化
②饮茶的好处
③邀请他来中国体验茶文化
请以Li Ke署名
参考范文
Dear Jack,
I’m glad to hear from you. And now I’m very happy to share something about Chinese tea culture in reply to your last e-mail.
Chinese tea culture started about 4,000 years ago, and tea drinking has gradually become an amazing tradition. In China, people drink tea almost everywhere and in most of their spare time. Some Chinese believe that tea benefits people’s health a lot. Drinking a cup of tea makes people relaxed and refreshed. Others treat guests or friends to tea drinking in social communication.
Probably, you’ve got a general picture of tea culture after my introduction. Then, how about coming to China to experience it for yourself? Maybe, you will fall in love with it.
Best Regards,
Li Ke
10.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
假如你的美国朋友Marry发来一封电子邮件，想知道你是怎么保持积极乐观的心态的。现在请你给她回封邮件，内容包括：
①简单地问候
②保持积极乐观心态的方法
请以Li Ke署名
参考范文
Dear Marry,
I learned from your last letter that you have been having some trouble recently. Don’t worry, I’m going to share with you how to keep a good attitude right now.
If your life feels like it is lacking the power that you want and the motivation that you need, sometimes all you have to do is shift your point of view. By training your thoughts to concentrate on the bright side of things, you are more likely to have the incentive to follow through on your goals.
Begin to build your confidence, and work through problems rather than avoid them. Find out what makes you anxious. Turn your “worry hours” into “productive hours”. Spend your energy on everything worthwhile.
Best Regards,
Li Ke
11.根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英文写作任务。
假如你的美国朋友Jack发来一封电子邮件，想知道你是怎么保持健康生活的。现在请你给她回封邮件，内容包括：
①保持健康生活的方式
②希望Jack能找到适合自己的健康生活方式
请以Li Ke署名
参考范文
Dear Jack,
I am writing in response to your inquiry about how I maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Firstly, I eat a balanced diet and avoid processed foods and sugary snacks. I eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to ensure that my body gets all the nutrients it needs.
Secondly, I exercise regularly. I enjoy activities like cycling and yoga because they improve cardiovascular health and flexibility.
Thirdly, I maintain a healthy weight by tracking my calories and portion sizes. I also avoid binge-watching TV or snacking mindlessly because these habits can easily lead to weight gain.
Lastly, I prioritize self-care and make time for rest and relaxation. I sleep seven to eight hours per night and take short breaks during workdays to allow my body and mind to recharge.
I hope these tips are helpful. Remember, everyone has a different body and schedule, so it is essential to experiment and find what works best for you!
Best regards,
Li Ke